Don’t think i’m being serious about all of these ideas, i’m just spitballing.
Overshield and invisibility are classic.
Damage, movement speed, jump height, etc. (Basically anything you could do with a custom powerup in Halo 3) should probably be included, at least for custom games.
Some of the Halo Reach abilities could be altered to fit as powerups.
Halo 5’s Spartan abilities could be converted to powerups.
A powerup that allows you to punch through enemy shields (1-hit KO) and breaks the shield of any enemy that melees you. This could be visibly indicated as electricity surrounding the Spartan and/or an energy blade affixed to the Spartan’s gauntlet. Extra melee range and extra melee force are also options.
A one-time teleport to wherever the player is looking, may take 0.5 seconds to move on either end of the teleport.
A powerup that removes you from enemy radar and gives you an enhanced/extended radar.
A powerup that gives you faster melee and weapon switching.
A powerup that causes a constant flow of decoys to spawn from your Spartan and do sporadic things.
A powerup that lets you throw some sort of new energy/hardlight grenade ball thing that does a good amount of damage.
Powerups for vehicles!
Powerup versions of some of the (helpful) campaign skulls.
A powerup that lets you jump higher, but with more gravity, and you hurt enemies if you land next to them.
A powerup that lets you walk on walls and ceilings.
A powerup that lets you instantly blink for short distances. This would thematically be based around Promethean technology.
A powerup that causes you to explode on death.
A powerup that is basically just spawns a watcher to protect you.
A powerup that spawns an engineer for your team.
A powerup that permanently turns you into a Promethean soldier/knight, which gives you all the abilities seen by Prometheans in-game, including switching between (some) Promethean weapons at will, with infinite ammo. Something similar could be done with flood or precursor forms if that makes sense to halo 6’s story.
Other ideas:
All the powerups listed above could be tweaked to fit more of an equipment role. Example, you pickup overshield, use it when you need it, which gives you a slowly-draining overshield that eventually expires. Reach jetpacks could run out as they get used. The devs could make it so players can only carry one powerup at a time, but be able to have many powerups active simultaneously.
Halo 6 could have multiple categories of powerups/abilities/equipment/charges/cooldowns all used in parallel. You could have instant powerups, consumable powerups, equipable abilities, throwable equipment, and charges/cooldown for permanent spartan abilities.
A little off topic, but Halo 5’s sprint and thrusters could be combined into a single “fuel” resource, where sprinting is just a movement speed increase that doesn’t lower your weapons and thrusters are less of a burst and more like Reach’s jetpacks (but horizontal too).